Solar system and it's components( the sun and planets)

Solar System

Solar system and its components: the sun and planets 

#Solar system

A family consisting of planets, satellites and other small celestial bodies orbiting the sun and the sun is called a solar system. All the celestial bodies in the solar system revolve around the sun in their fixed orbits with the sun as the center. Under the influence of gravity between the sun and these celestial bodies, they are orbiting the sun. Large bodies orbiting the sun are called planets. A small object orbiting a planet is called a satellite. Along with these, infant planets (asteroids), comets, meteors, and meteorites also belong to the solar system. Our solar system is lies in the milky way galaxy which is spiral in shape.

#The sun

The main center of the solar system is the Sun. Other celestial bodies orbit the sun under the influence of gravitational force. The sun is a medium-sized star. It looks big only because it is close to the earth. It has its own heat and light power. It is estimated to have a temperature of about 5400°C on the surface and about 1,50,00,000⁰C on the inside. The diameter of the sun is about 13,92,400 km. Its distance from the earth is about 1.5x10⁸ km. Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth. It accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.
Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (73%); the rest is mostly helium (25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron etc.

#Planets
A celestial body orbiting the sun without its own light is called a planet. There are eight planets in the solar system. These are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The nearest planet from the Sun is Mercury and the farthest planet is Neptune. Jupiter is the largest planet and Mercury is the smallest. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called inner planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called outer planets. Before 2006 there are 9 planets but formally in 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) define the term "planet", during their 26th General Assembly. That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet.

The eight planets closest to farthest to the Sun according to distance are:

1.Mercury

Mercury is the smallest and closest planet to the Sun. Its diameter is about 4851.2 km. It rotates on its axis once every 59 days. It takes about 88 days to orbit the sun. Being very close to the sun, it is very hot during the day and very cold at night. It does not have an atmosphere. It has no satellites. It's orbiting speed around the sun is 48 km/sec.

2.Venus

Venus is slightly smaller than Earth. Its diameter is about 12,035.2 km. It takes about 243 days to rotate on its axis. It takes 225 days to orbit the sun. It can be seen in the east before sunrise and in the west after sunset. It is the brightest celestial body after the sun and moon. It has no satellite. It's orbiting speed around the sun is 35 km/sec. It was first planet investigate by the scientists.

3.Earth

Earth ranks third in terms of distance from the sun. It is known as blue planet. The mass of earth is 6×10²⁴ kg. Its diameter is about 12,672 km. It rotates on its axis once every 24 hours(23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds). It orbits the sun once in about 365 days(365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds). The earth has all kinds of living things. The only satellite on Earth is the Moon. It's orbiting speed around the sun is 30 km/sec.

4.Mars

Mars is also called the Red Planet because there is presence iron oxide. This planet, far from the earth, has white snow caps on both poles. Its diameter is about 6742.4 km. Has been it rotates on its axis for about 24 hours 37 minutes 22 seconds. It takes about 687 days to orbit the sun. It has two satellites that is deimos and phobos. Deimos is bigger than Phobos. It's orbiting speed around the sun is 24 km/sec.

5.Jupiter

The largest planet is Jupiter. It is known as king of planet. Its diameter is about 11,39,040 km. Has been Jupiter rotates on its axis once every 10 hours. It takes about 12(11.86) years to orbit the sun. It has 67 satellites. The largest satellite of Jupiter is Ganymede which is also largest satellite in the solar system. Its outer surface is covered with clouds. A large red spot appears in the center of the this planet. It's orbiting speed around the sun is 13 km/sec.

6.Saturn

Saturn is the second largest planet after Jupiter. It is known as yellow planet. It is surrounded by three flat wheels. These wheels are made of ice cubes. Saturn has a diameter of about 1, 15, 811.2 km. Is It takes about 10 hours 30 minutes to travel on its axis. It orbits the Sun once every 29.5 years. It has 63 satellites. Its largest satellite is Titan. It is even larger than Mercury. It's orbiting speed around the sun is 10 km/sec.

7.Uranus

The planet Uranus is made up of gas and liquids. It is known as green planet. It's diameter is 50,441.6 km. Has been It rotates on its axis for about 17 hours 14 minutes and 24 seconds. It orbits the Sun once every 84 years. It has 27 satellites. It's largest satellite is Titania. It's orbiting speed around the sun is 6.4 km/sec.

8.Neptune

The farthest planet from the Sun is Neptune. It has 14 satellites. It's largest satellite is Triton. Its diameter is about 48,972.8 km. Its axis travel time is 16 hours 6 minutes 36 seconds and its orbital time is about 164 years. It's orbiting speed around the sun is 5.6 km/sec.

The table below shows the average distance, diameter, daily and annual motion of different planets from the Sun and the number of satellites.