Atmosphere and it's layers

Atmosphere

Air is a mixture of different gases(oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, inert gases-helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), oganesson (Og) etc, dust particles, and water vapour. The air contains the most nitrogen gas. Nitrogen gas is 78 percent in air. Similarly, oxygen gas is found in about 21 percent. Carbon dioxide(0.03), inert gases and other gases and water vapor are also found in the air. The earth is covered by a layer of air around it, called the atmosphere. The atmosphere consists of various gases, water vapor and dust particles. The nature of the atmosphere varies with altitude. As the altitude increases, so does the layer of the atmosphere decreases.

The atmosphere is divided into the following five levels based on altitude:

1. Troposphere
The lower troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. It is about 16 kilometers above the earth's surface. At this level, gases, water vapor and dust particles are abundant. Weather activities such as hurricanes, clouds, lightning, rain, hail, frost, fog, and snow fall at this level. As the height of the earth's surface increases, the temperature of this layer decreases. 

2. Stratosphere
The layer of atmosphere above the lower zone is called the stratosphere. This layer extends to an altitude of about 16 to 50 kilometers above the earth's surface. As the altitude at this level increases, so does the temperature. The upper part of this layer contains ozone gas. This layer of gas prevents harmful ultraviolet rays from entering the earth's surface and protects the organism. 

3. Mesophere
The layer of the atmosphere above the stratosphere is called the mesosphere. This layer is about 50 to 80 kilometers above the earth's surface.  At this level, the temperature decreases as the altitude increases. Strong winds are blowing at this level. 

4. Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere above the central atmosphere is called the thermal atmosphere. This layer extends from the surface of the earth to an altitude of about 80 to 720 kilometers. As the altitude increases at this level, the temperature also increases.  At this level the air is very thin. This layer has a very high temperature due to the sun's radiation.

5. Exosphere
The layer of atmosphere above the thermal atmosphere is called the outer atmosphere. This layer is more than 720 kilometers above the earth's surface. This layer is outermost and thin layer of the atmosphere. At this level the air is negligible. As it is the outermost layer of the atmosphere, it is also called the border state.